![]() The average claymore ran about 140 cm (55 in) in overall length, with a 33 cm (13 in) grip, 107 cm (42 in) blade, and a weight of approximately 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg). The spatulate swellings were later frequently made in a quatrefoil design. The lobed pommels on earlier swords were inspired by the Viking style. The two-handed claymore seems to be an offshoot of early Scottish medieval longswords (similar to the espee de guerre or grete war sword) which had developed a distinctive style of a cross-hilt with forward-angled arms that ended in spatulate swellings. The English did use swords similar to the Claymore during the renaissance called a greatsword. It was somewhat longer than other two-handed swords of the era. The last known battle in which it is considered to have been used in a significant number was the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689. Although claymores existed as far back as the Wars of Scottish Independence they were smaller, and few had the typical quatrefoil design (as can be seen on the Great Seal of John Balliol King of Scots). ![]() It was used in the constant clan warfare and border fights with the English from c. The two-handed claymore was a large sword used in the late Medieval and early modern periods. Two-handed (Highland) claymore The seal of John Balliol Fuilteach-mhuirt the largest known claymore to have been used in battle, situated next to two normal-sized claymores for scale A mid-sixteenth-century tomb effigy from Finlaggan Armstrong (1825), claidheamh mòr "big/great sword" translates to "broadsword", and claidheamh dà làimh to "two-handed sword", while claidheamh beag "small sword" is given as a translation of " Bilbo". This does not parallel Scottish Gaelic usage. Some authors suggest that claybeg should be used instead, from a purported Gaelic claidheamh beag "small sword". They also note its use as a battle-cry as early as 1678. They provide quotations that are earlier than those given above in support of its use to refer to a basket-hilted broadsword and targe: "a strong handsome target, with a sharp pointed steel, of above half an ell in length, screw'd into the navel of it, on his left arm, a sturdy claymore by his side" (1715 pamphlet). Ĭountering this view, Paul Wagner and Christopher Thompson argue that the term "claymore" was applied first to the basket-hilted broadsword, and then to all Scottish swords. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica likewise judged that the term is "wrongly" applied to the basket-hilted sword. ![]() called the Claymore, (i.e., the great sword)", although OED observes that this usage is "inexact, but very common". The sense " basket-hilted sword" is contemporaneous, attested in 1773 as "the broad-sword now used. The term claymore is an anglicisation of the Gaelic claidheamh mór "big/great sword", attested in 1772 (as Cly-more) with the gloss "great two-handed sword". After the Acts of Union in 1707 when Scottish and English regiments were integrated together, the swords were seen as a mark of distinction by Scottish officers over the more slender sabres used by their English contemporaries: a symbol of physical strength and prowess, and a link to the historic Highland way of life. This description was maybe not used during the 17th century, when basket-hilted swords were the primary military swords across Europe, but these basket-hilted, broad-bladed, swords remained in service with officers of Scottish regiments into the 21st century. The word claymore was first used in reference to basket-hilted swords during the 18th century in Scotland and parts of England. ![]() The former is characterised as having a cross hilt of forward-sloping quillons with quatrefoil terminations and was in use from the 15th to 17th centuries. Johnson, 1890).Ī claymore ( / ˈ k l eɪ m ɔːr/ from Scottish Gaelic: claidheamh- mòr, "great sword") is either the Scottish variant of the late medieval two-handed sword or the Scottish variant of the basket-hilted sword. ≈100–120 cm (39–47 in) Įngraving of a claymore and armour at Dunvegan Castle (from Footsteps of Dr. 16th century claymore in the National Museum of Scotland.
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